UB, Roswell Park develop AI tool to assess lung cancer surgery complication risk

Researchers from UB and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center are developing an artificial intelligence tool to help surgeons better identify lung cancer patients at risk for postoperative complications. The work builds on a longstanding collaboration between the institutions, bringing together UB’s strengths in AI and Roswell Park’s expertise in thoracic oncology.

The system, called MIRACLE (Multimodal Integrated Radiomics and Clinical Language-based Explanation), is believed to be the first to combine clinical data, CT imaging and large language model (LLM)-generated explanations to provide personalized risk estimates for patients who may be candidates for lung cancer surgery. It also produces a summary that surgeons can review and refine to reflect their own clinical insight.

“For more than five decades, UB has been a leader in artificial intelligence for public good,” says Venu Govindaraju, senior vice president for research, innovation and economic development and co-author of the study, whose leadership in AI laid the foundation for this breakthrough. “Today, this expertise is transforming cancer research, using AI to detect disease earlier and opening new pathways to prevention and cure.”

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and surgery remains one of the most effective treatment options. Because many patients are medically complex, postoperative complications can affect up to 40% of cases, making accurate risk assessment critical. However, existing risk calculators often rely on population-level data and subjective clinician judgment, which can limit their effectiveness for individual patients.

According to Kenneth Patrick Seastedt, a thoracic surgeon at Roswell Park and study co-author, this can lead to difficult decisions, as some patients who could have safely undergone surgery are not recommended for it while others at higher risk proceed without sufficient preoperative and postoperative planning.

“One of the biggest challenges for thoracic surgeons is that preoperative risk calculators are very generic and don’t capture the real complexity of the patients we see every day,” says Seastedt, assistant professor in thoracic surgery at Roswell Park who also serves as an assistant professor of surgery in the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at UB. “Many lung cancer patients are older, have multiple comorbidities or present with subtle imaging findings that generic models miss.

“Our goal was to improve how surgeons assess risk, plan perioperative care and counsel patients by bringing together clinical nuance, imaging detail and physician insight in a way that directly supports more personalized care.”