Formal Methods: Logic, Decision Theory and Game Theory

Understanding reasoning, choice and rational decision making

Logic studies how arguments work, and how ideas can fit together. Decision theory studies how decisions should be made, especially under uncertainty. Game theory considers how we reason strategically, and how individual and social goals can come together or pull apart. This research provides tools for clear thinking in philosophy, science, economics, public policy and artificial intelligence. At UB, research in these formal methods connects abstract philosophical reasoning with practical questions in science, economics, public policy and artificial intelligence.

Great for students interested in mathematics, computer science, economics, data analysis, artificial intelligence, philosophy or analytical problem-solving.

Big questions formal methods in reasoning help with

Research in this area explores questions such as:

  • What makes an argument logically valid?
  • How should rational agents make decisions under uncertainty?
  • How do probabilities, evidence and risk affect reasoning?
  • What rules should guide collective or strategic decision-making?
  • How can formal models improve reasoning in science and policy?

These questions matter wherever decisions must be clear, consistent and justifiable.

How formal methods research works

Logic, decision theory and game theory use formal tools to study reasoning and choice. Researchers build and analyze models that represent arguments, beliefs and preferences, often working across philosophy, mathematics and the social sciences.

Research approaches may include:

  • Formal logic and symbolic reasoning
  • Decision-theoretic and probabilistic modeling
  • Analysis of rational choice and game-theoretic frameworks
  • Computational agent-based models
  • Applications to scientific reasoning and public decision making

This work helps clarify how people and systems reason and how reasoning can be improved.

Key areas of focus

Logic and decision theory research at UB often examines:

  • Formal logic and logical systems
  • Probability, uncertainty and risk
  • Rational choice and decision making
  • Collective decision making and social choice
  • Agent-based modeling
  • Applications to science, economics and artificial intelligence

Together, these areas provide tools for clear thinking in complex situations.

Research faculty

Get involved

Students can engage in logic and decision theory research through coursework, independent study and faculty-mentored projects that develop strong analytical and formal reasoning skills.