This research aims to develop anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) to eliminate Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from water, addressing their persistent and toxic nature. The project involves developing microbial cultures and characterizing PFAS transformation using advanced techniques. Success could lead to better understanding of PFAS degradation and its impact on toxicity, potentially offering low-cost PFAS treatment solutions. The project investigates the biodegradation of PFASs in AnMBRs, utilizing molecular biotechnological tools to understand reductive defluorination. Through multi-stage investigations, the research seeks to transform water treatment systems for legacy and emerging PFASs, with broader societal impacts including potential paradigm shifts in establishing PFAS health advisories.