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A scanning electron microscope image reveals particles of vanadyl hydroxide (VOOH) shaped like stars. The team of Luis De Jesús Báez found that these particles behaved more like a pseudocapacitor than a battery. Photo: Luis De Jesús Báez/University at Buffalo
Release Date: April 6, 2026
When this metal-based chemical initially formed as flat, sheet-like layers, it stored energy internally like a battery. But as it evolved into clustered rods and eventually star-shaped structures, its behavior shifted toward that of a pseudocapacitor, storing energy at or near its surface.