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Atom-thin transistor uses half the voltage of common semiconductors

Two female students working with a microscope type device in Huamin Li's lab.

From left: Graduate students Yutong Guo and Anindita Chakravarty, pictured here in February 2020, work in the lab of Huamin Li, assistant professor of electrical engineering. Photo: Douglas Levere

By CORY NEALON

Published December 11, 2020

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“New technologies are needed to extend the performance of electronic systems in terms of power, speed and density. This next-generation transistor can rapidly switch while consuming low amounts of energy. ”
Huamin Li, assistant professor
Department of Electrical Engineering

UB researchers are reporting a new, two-dimensional transistor made of graphene and the compound molybdenum disulfide that could help usher in a new era of computing.

As described in a paper accepted at the 2020 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, which is taking place virtually next week, the transistor requires half the voltage of current semiconductors. It also has a current density greater than similar transistors under development.

This ability to operate with less voltage and handle more current is key to meet the demand for new, power-hungry nanoelectronic devices, including quantum computers.

“New technologies are needed to extend the performance of electronic systems in terms of power, speed and density. This next-generation transistor can rapidly switch while consuming low amounts of energy,” says the paper’s lead author, Huamin Li, assistant professor of electrical engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS).

The transistor is composed of a single layer of graphene and a single layer of molybdenum disulfide, or MoS2, which is part of a group of compounds known as transition metals chalcogenides. The graphene and MoS2 are stacked together, and the overall thickness of the device is roughly 1 nanometer — for comparison, a sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers.

While most transistors require 60 millivolts for a decade of change in current, this new device operates at 29 millivolts.

An illustration of the transistor, showing its different layers and materials.

An illustration of the transistor showing graphene (black hexagons) and molybdenum disulfide (blue and yellow layered structure) among other components. Image: University at Buffalo.

It’s able to do this because the unique physical properties of graphene keep electrons “cold” as they are injected from the graphene into the MoS2 channel. This process is called Dirac-source injection. The electrons are considered “cold” because they require much less voltage input and, thus, reduced power consumption to operate the transistor.

An even more important characteristic of the transistor, Li says, is its ability to handle a greater current density compared to conventional transistor technologies based on 2D or 3D channel materials. As described in the study, the transistor can handle 4 microamps per micrometer.

“The transistor illustrates the enormous potential of 2D semiconductors and their ability to usher in energy-efficient nanoelectronic devices. This could ultimately lead to advancements in quantum research and development, and help extend Moore’s Law,” says co-lead author Fei Yao, assistant professor in the Department of Materials Design and Innovation, a joint program of SEAS and the College of Arts of Sciences.

The work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation, the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, the New York State Center of Excellence in Materials Informatics at UB, and the Vice President for Research and Economic Development at UB.