Build as You Earn and Learn: Informal Urbanism and Incremental Housing Financing in Kumasi, Ghana

The continuous evolution, proliferation and resilience of informal housing in cities of developing countries defy all attempts by their formal planning processes to marginalise and relegate them to the periphery. In most instances, their rapid and uncontrolled growth has overwhelmed city planning authorities. More importantly, strategies for financing these informal housing units present complex networks of sources not clearly discussed in the housing literature.

Using two informal communities—Ayigya-Zongo and Dakodwom—in Kumasi, Ghana, “Build as You Earn and Learn: Informal Urbanism and Incremental Housing Financing in Kumasi, Ghana,” explores the nature and characteristics of these non-conventional housing financing strategies. The study reveals an evolving and enduring non-conventional informal housing financing system effective for providing convenient and affordable housing for the urban poor; but this system is continuously sidelined by the conventional urban planning and housing financing systems. The authors argue against these attitudes of formal institutions towards these non-conventional housing financing strategies, and submit that these strategies are the gradual, incremental, and collective responses of residents in informal communities to a hostile formal urban planning and housing environment. Hence the dynamics of these non-conventional housing financing schemes point to a complex and fluid network of informal housing financial sources and structures, which are co-evolving with the processes of informal urbanization and social learning among residents in informal settlements.

The understanding of housing financing strategies in informal settlements is key in the design and implementation of policies to achieve some of the Sustainable Development Goals (e.g. SDG 6 and 11) and commitments under the New Urban Agenda. For instance, the provision of decent water and sanitation facilities (SDG 6) by low-income households is inextricably linked to several factors such as how the provision of these facilities increases the cost of completing the housing project. Future projects will interrogate how these incremental and non-conventional housing financing schemes influence low-income households to prioritize essential housing facilities such as water and sanitation. 

Clifford, A., & Frimpong Boamah, E. (2016). Build as You Earn and Learn: Informal Urbanism and Incremental Housing Financing in Kumasi, Ghana. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment. DOI: 10.1007/s10901-016-9519-0