Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Structures: Part 2 - Retaining Structures, Slopes, Tunnels, Culverts and Roadways

Keywords: Retrofitting.  Manuals.  Highway infrastructure.  Retaining structures.  Slopes.  Tunnels.  Culverts.  Roadways.  Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).  Performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE).  Performance-based seismic designs.  Existing structures.  Evaluations.  Ground motion.  Capacity assessments.  Geotechnical hazards.  Vulnerability.

Abstract: Part two of this two-volume set includes new procedures for determining the seismic vulnerability of other important highway system structures, namely, retaining structures, slopes, tunnels, culverts, and roadways.  Guidance is provided on screening for potential seismic vulnerabilities; conducting a detailed evaluation; and describing strategies for retrofit design.  In addition, discussion is provided for classifying each structure by type, construction, or expected performance.  This report is the first known effort to capture, in a formal and consistent manner, the important aspects of seismic performance and retrofitting intended to improve performance of highway system structural components other than bridges.