Research News

Working mothers most in need of social support less likely to get it

Night shift nurse.

Working mothers with a nontraditional work schedule, such as the night shift, tend to have weaker social safety nets, according to new UB research.

By BERT GAMBINI

Published September 27, 2016 This content is archived.

Print
“Social safety nets are important buffers from anxiety and stress. ”
Jessica Su, assistant professor
Department of Sociology

The night shift or any other nonstandard work schedule presents many challenges for working mothers. Besides the difficulty of managing the job’s hours, there are daily tasks and unexpected crises that arise outside of work. They might need someone to watch a child or provide a ride. There are doctor visits and school functions. Knowing people who can help in a pinch can provide a private safety net.

Now, a new study by Jessica Su, assistant professor in the Department of Sociology, College of Arts and Sciences, and Rachel Dunifon, professor in the Department of Policy Analysis and Management at Cornell University, links nonstandard work schedules to weaker private safety nets, particularly for African-Americans, the less educated and those who persistently work outside the typical 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday schedule.

However, there also is evidence in some cases that switching from a standard to a nonstandard schedule increases the safety net.

These mixed results, published last week in the Journal of Marriage and Family, suggest that the working mothers most in need of social support are the least likely to actually have access to it.

The research breaks new ground and is among the first quantitative studies to use robust methods and a large sample to examine the relationship between maternal nonstandard work schedules and social support.

“Social safety nets are important buffers from anxiety and stress. They give working mothers confidence that help is there when it’s needed. Safety nets provide peace of mind,” says Su, the paper’s lead author.

“You’re already a working mother, balancing all of life’s complexities with your work schedule and you don’t have a strong safety net. That’s detrimental.”

Su says the link between nonstandard schedules and weak social support is consistent regardless of what that support might be. The finding suggests that it’s not a lack of a connection with people who might be able to help in a particular area, such as child care, but rather a general sense of weak support across many aspects of the mother’s life.

“On the other hand, we don’t know why switching to a nonstandard schedule increased the safety net,” Su says. “The data set doesn’t present us with why someone switched to that schedule.”

Job stress, fatigue and a poor home life might serve to weaken social support, but there are some people who use a nonstandard schedule strategically to help others in ways that 9-to-5 workers cannot, according to Su.

“It could be a matter of tag-team parenting,” she says. “One spouse taking care of daily chores while the other is at work.”

Su says additional research is needed to explain the divergent findings.

The current study involving 2,716 women who gave birth in large cities from 1998-2000 developed from questions raised by the authors’ previous research on nonstandard work schedules, research conducted mostly from the perspective of parents and their children and other interpersonal relationships.

Those results suggested people working nonstandard schedules were less likely to be involved in their communities; they spent less time with their spouses; had high levels of conflict in their relationships; and were more likely to get divorced. This, in turn, affected the children in the relationship and their development.

“We started thinking of what we already knew about nonstandard work schedules and interpersonal relationships, and asked if those effects might spill over into broader social networks,” Su says. “What we’re finding is that mothers most likely to work a nonstandard schedule are also the mothers most likely to experience these negative consequences.”

READER COMMENT

My daughter is in this group of hard working, stretched thin and still successful women. She drives her son to a special needs school, manages the household and works night shift at a minimum-wage job to make ends meet. Her nonstandard schedule is the only way she is able to juggle all of her responsibilities.

 

She is not involved in her community. She seldom attends social functions. She is estranged from her son's father.

 

Her support network is there, but she rarely accesses us. She is hesitant to call someone in the middle of the evening so that she can go into work early. She feels as though there is no possible way she can get a degree, work night shift and still provide the parenting and school support that her son needs. Because of these factors, she will remain in her job for a very long time to come.

 

I support the need for further research. If you manage to find a solution, please let me know. I would love to see my daughter go back to school and get a degree that will enable her to work at a career, rather than a job.

 

Susan Lewis