Recreational Ritalin

Many college and even high school students without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) use the medication Ritalin to feel more focused, receive a high or lose weight—a practice often thought to be harmless. But researchers at the Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions at the University at Buffalo warn that such use may cause irreversible structural changes in certain areas of the brain.

Panayotis “Peter” Thanos, senior research scientist of pharmacology and toxicology at UB, conducted a study using animal models to see what the effects of methylphenidate—brand name Ritalin—might be for those without symptoms of ADHD.

“We found that chronic use of this drug by those without ADHD-like symptoms resulted in neuroinflammation in regions of the brain which are related to motivated behavior,” Thanos says. “One month after use was stopped, the inflammation and structural changes were still there. This could result in long-term risks for young adults, as these areas of the brain also influence addiction and the ability to respond to changes in the environment.”

Because illicit use of Ritalin is more common among young people, whose brains are still developing, there is deep cause for concern, Thanos says.

“Although Ritalin can be very effective in the treatment of ADHD, it is not without risk for those without ADHD to take it chronically. Here again, the important thing to remember is to take only with a prescription and as directed by a doctor,” he says.