History 506
The North and South Atlantic Core


Spring 2006                                           Prof. Erik Seeman
Thurs. 4:00-6:40, Park 532                    Park 534, 645-2181 x534
seeman@buffalo.edu                             Office hours: Thurs. 1-3

Goals:  This course will introduce students to the historiography of the rapidly growing field of the Atlantic World.  Within the historical profession, the term "Atlantic World" is usually applied to the North Atlantic in the early modern period.  This course will engage with that material while also expanding the concept to include the South Atlantic and the post-colonial era.  Students will gain an understanding of how the field has been defined, how the field has changed over time, and how the field might evolve in the future.  This course is required for those History Ph.D. students who wish to offer the "North and South Atlantic" for the major field of their oral examinations.  It is highly recommended for those who wish to offer a minor oral examination field in the Atlantic World, and for anyone who wishes to employ transnational or comparative perspectives on the past.

Assignments:  This course requires several two- to three-page papers and a final historiographical essay.

-Short Papers:  This is an enormous field and it will be impossible for students to sample more than a small fraction of the relevant literature.  To help remedy this problem, students will work together to create a portfolio of summaries that will be useful both in preparing for exams and in grasping this field.  Every student will read the required text(s) each week.  In addition, each student will be assigned to a group:  A, B, C, or D.  Every week, one member of each group will read an additional text and write a two- to three-page summary for other students to read.  The papers must be completed and sent by email attachment to all class members by noon of the Tuesday before class.  Students are expected to print their classmates' papers, read them, and compile them in a three-ring binder.  By the end of the semester, students will have a collection of summaries of the major works in the North and South Atlantic.  Each student will thus be responsible for a number of short papers equal to the total number of weeks divided by the number people in his or her group.

-Historiographical Essay:  Each student will choose a topic for an in-depth review of the recent literature in 12 to 15 pages, due by noon Thursday May 4.  Students should consult with me during office hours no later than April 6 about an appropriate topic.  Students may use the lists of Further Reading to get started, though other subjects not covered by the lists may also be studied.  The additional reading for the paper should amount to about four books and two articles (though these are not hard and fast figures).  This paper may be used as a prospectus for a later research project or as the first step toward a dissertation topic.

Grading:  Class discussion will constitute the majority of the final grade, with the written assignments making up the balance.

Readings:  The following books are required reading and may be purchased at the University Bookstore.  You may also wish to check online booksellers like amazon.com and half.com for used books.

Jean de Léry, History of a Voyage to the Land of Brazil, edited by Janet Whatley (Berkeley, 1993)

Paul Gilroy, The Black Atlantic:  Modernity and Double Consciousness (Cambridge, Mass., 1993)

Inga Clendinnen, Ambivalent Conquests:  Maya and Spaniard in Yucatan, 1517-1570, 2d ed. (New York, 2003).  The first edition is also fine.

Anthony Grafton, New Worlds, Ancient Texts:  The Power of Tradition and the Shock of Discovery (Cambridge, Mass., 1992)

David Hancock, Citizens of the World:  London Merchants and the Integration of the British Atlantic Community, 1735-1785 (New York, 1995)

Laurent Dubois, Avengers of the New World:  The Story of the Haitian Revolution (Cambridge, Mass., 2004)

Catherine Hall, Civilising Subjects: Metropole and Colony in the English Imagination, 1830-1867 (Chicago, 2002)

Christopher Schmidt-Nowara, Empire and Antislavery: Spain, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, 1833-1874 (Pittsburgh, 1999)

Frederick Cooper, Thomas C. Holt, and Rebecca J. Scott, Beyond Slavery:  Explorations of Race, Labor, and Citizenship in Postemancipation Societies (Chapel Hill, 2000)

Daniel R. Rodgers, Atlantic Crossings. Social Politics in a Progressive Age (Cambridge, Mass., 1998)

Victoria de Grazia, Irresistible Empire: America’s Advance Through Twentieth-Century Europe (Cambridge, Mass., 2005)


January 19:  Introduction

January 26:  Overviews

    Required Texts:

David Armitage, "Three Concepts of Atlantic History," in David Armitage and Michael J. Braddick, eds., The British Atlantic World, 1500-1800 (New York, 2002), 11-27

Bernard Bailyn, "The Idea of Atlantic History," Itinerario 20 (1996): 19-44

Joyce E. Chaplin, "Expansion and Exceptionalism in Early American History," Journal of American History 89 (March 2003): 1431-55

Jack P. Greene, "Beyond Power:  Paradigm Subversion and Reformulation and the Re-Creation of the Early Modern Atlantic World," in Greene, Interpreting Early America:  Historiographical Essays (Charlottesville, Va., 1996), 17-42

    Shared Texts:

A:  Nicholas Canny, "Writing Atlantic History; or, Reconfiguring the History of Colonial British America," Journal of American History 86 (Dec. 1999): 1093-1114

B:  David Hancock, "The British Atlantic World:  Coordination, Complexity, and the Emergence of an Atlantic Market Economy, 1651-1815," Itinerario 23 (1999): 107-26

C:  Silvia Marzagalli, "The French Atlantic," Itinerario 23 (1999): 70-83

D:  Carla Rahn Phillips, "The Iberian Atlantic," Itinerario 23 (1999): 84-106

    For Further Reading:

David Armitage and Michael J. Braddick, eds., The British Atlantic World, 1500-1800 (New York, 2002)

Bernard Bailyn, Atlantic History:  Concept and Contours (Cambridge, Mass., 2005)

Wim Klooster and Alfred Padula, eds., The Atlantic World:  Essays on Slavery, Migration, and Imagination (Upper Saddle River, N.J., 2005)

D.W. Meinig, The Shaping of America, Volume I:  Atlantic America, 1492-1800 (New Haven, 1986)

Ian K. Steele, The English Atlantic, 1675-1740:  An Exploration of Communication and Community (New York, 1986)

Alan Taylor, American Colonies (New York, 2001)

Deborah Gray White, "'Yes,' There is a Black Atlantic," Itinerario:  European Journal of Overseas History 23 (1999): 127-40


February 2:  Narratives of Discovery and Conquest

    Required Texts:

Jean de Léry, History of a Voyage to the Land of Brazil, edited by Janet Whatley (Berkeley, 1993)

"Digest of Columbus's Log Book," in J.M. Cohen, ed., Christopher Columbus:  The Four Voyages (London, 1969): 51-73

    Shared Texts:

A:  Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca, Castaways, edited by Enrique Pupo-Walker (Berkeley, 1993)

B: Ramsay Cook, ed., The Voyages of Jacques Cartier (Toronto, 1993), ix-xli, 3-89

C:  Second Letter of Hernando Cortés to the Emperor, in Five Letters of Cortés to the Emperor, edited by J. Bayard Morris (New York, 1969), 31-133

D:  Luciano Formisano, ed., Letters from a New World:  Amerigo Vespucci's Discovery of America (New York, 1992)

    For Further Reading:

Allan Greer, ed., The Jesuit Relations:  Natives and Missionaries in Seventeenth-Century North America (Boston, 2000)

Peter C. Mancall, ed., Envisioning America:  English Plans for the Colonization of North America, 1580-1640 (Boston, 1995)

Stuart B. Schwartz, ed., Victors and Vanquished:  Spanish and Nahua Views of the Conquest of Mexico (Boston, 2000)


February 9:  The Black Atlantic (Prof. Jason Young, guest faculty)

    Required Text:

Paul Gilroy, The Black Atlantic:  Modernity and Double Consciousness (Cambridge, Mass., 1993)

    Optional Media Supplement:

Black Atlantic CD -- click for list of songs and artists

    Shared Texts:

A:  Ira Berlin, Many Thousands Gone:  The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America (Cambridge, Mass., 2000)

B:  Michael Gomez, Exchanging Our Country Marks:  The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South (Chapel Hill, 1998)

C:  Melville Herskovits, The Myth of the Negro Past (Boston, 1958 [1941])

D:  Richard Price and Sally Price, Maroon Arts:  Cultural Vitality in the African Diaspora (Boston, 1999)

    For Further Reading:

Trevor G. Burnard, Mastery, Tyranny, and Desire:  Thomas Thistlewood and His Slaves in the Anglo-Jamaican World (Chapel Hill, 2004)

Grey Gundaker, Signs of Diaspora, Diaspora Signs:  Literacies, Creolization, and Vernacular Practice in African America (New York, 1998)

Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, Africans in Colonial Louisiana:  The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth Century (Baton Rouge, 1992)

Darlene Clark Hine and Jacqueline McLeod, eds., Crossing Boundaries:  Comparative History of Black People in Diaspora (Bloomington, Ind., 1999)

Charles Johnson, Middle Passage (New York, 1990)

Jane Landers, Black Society in Spanish Florida (Urbana, Ill., 1999)

Jennifer L. Morgan, Laboring Women:  Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery (Philadelphia, 2004)

Philip D. Morgan, Slave Counterpoint:  Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry (Chapel Hill, 1998)

Caryl Phillips, Cambridge (New York, 1992)

Joseph Roach, Cities of the Dead:  Circum-Atlantic Performance (New York, 1996)

Jon Sensbach, Rebecca’s Revival:  Creating Black Christianity in the Atlantic World (Cambridge, Mass., 2005)

Mechal Sobel, The World They Made Together:  Black and White Values in Eighteenth-Century Virginia (Princeton, 1987)

Sterling Stuckey, Slave Culture:Nationalist Theory and the Foundations of Black America (New York, 1987)

Robert Farris Thompson, Flash of the Spirit:  African and Afro-American Art and Philosophy (New York, 1983)

John Thornton, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1680, 2d ed. (New York, 1998)


February 16:  European-Indian Interactions

    Required Text:

Inga Clendinnen, Ambivalent Conquests:  Maya and Spaniard in Yucatan, 1517-1570, 2d ed. (New York, 2003)

    Shared Texts:

A:  James Axtell, The Invasion Within:  The Contest of Cultures in Colonial North America (New York, 1985)

B:  James Lockhart, The Nahuas After the Conquest:  A Social and Cultural History of the Indians of Central Mexico, Sixteenth through Eighteenth Centuries (Stanford, 1992)

C:  Neal Salisbury, Manitou and Providence:  Indians, Europeans, and the Making of New England, 1500-1643 (New York, 1982)

D:  Ian K. Steele:  Warpaths:  Invasions of North America (New York, 1994)

    For Further Reading:

Eric Hinderaker, Elusive Empires:  Constructing Colonialism in the Ohio Valley, 1673-1800 (New York, 1997)

Francis Jennings, The Invasion of America:  Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest (New York, 1975)

James H. Merrell, "The Indians' New World:  The Catawba Experience," William and Mary Quarterly 41 (October 1984): 537-65

Susan Elizabeth Ramírez, The World Upside Down:  Cross-Cultural Contact and Conflict in Sixteenth-Century Peru (Stanford, 1996)

Daniel K. Richter, The Ordeal of the Longhouse:  The Peoples of the Iroquois League in the Era of European Colonization (Chapel Hill, 1992)

Daniel K. Richter, Facing East from Indian Country:  A Native History of Early America (Cambridge, Mass., 2001)

Erik R. Seeman, "Reading Indians' Deathbed Scenes:  Ethnohistorical and Representational Approaches," Journal of American History 88 (June 2001): 17-47

Tzvetan Todorov, The Conquest of America (New York, 1984)

Richard White, The Middle Ground:  Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650-1815 (New York, 1991)


February 23:  The Circulation of Ideas

    Required Texts:

Anthony Grafton, New Worlds, Ancient Texts:  The Power of Tradition and the Shock of Discovery (Cambridge, Mass., 1992)

    Shared Texts:

A:  Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra, How to Write the History of the New World: Histories, Epistemologies, and Identities in the Atlantic World (Stanford, 2001)

B:  J.H. Elliott, The Old World and the New, 1492-1650 (Cambridge, Eng., 1970)

C:  Anthony Pagden, The Fall of Natural Man:  The American Indian and the Origins of Comparative Ethnology (New York, 1982)

D:  Benjamin Schmidt, Innocence Abroad:  The Dutch Imagination and the New World, 1570-1670 (New York, 2001)

    For Further Reading:

D.A. Brading, The First America:  The Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots, and the Liberal State, 1492-1867 (New York, 1991)

Joyce E. Chaplin, Subject Matter:  Technology, the Body, and Science on the Anglo-American Frontier, 1500-1676 (Cambridge, Mass., 2001)

Stephen Greenblatt, Marvelous Possessions:  The Wonder of the New World (Chicago, 1991)

Karen Ordahl Kupperman, ed., America in European Consciousness, 1493-1750 (Chapel Hill, 1995)

Walter Mignolo, The Darker Side of the Renaissance:  Literacy, Territoriality, and Colonization (Ann Arbor, 1995)

Anthony Pagden, European Encounters with the New World:  From Renaissance to Romanticism (New Haven, 1993)

Anthony Pagden, Lords of All the Worlds:  Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain and France c.1500-c.1850 (New Haven, 1995)

Stuart B. Schwartz, ed., Implicit Understandings:  Observing, Reporting, and Reflecting on the Encounters between Europeans and Other Peoples in the Early Modern Era (New York, 1994)


March 2:  Trade, Economics, Migration

    Required Text:

David Hancock, Citizens of the World:  London Merchants and the Integration of the British Atlantic Community, 1735-1785 (New York, 1995)

    Shared Texts:

A:  Aaron Spencer Fogleman, Hopeful Journeys:  German Immigration, Settlement, and Political Culture in Colonial America, 1717-1775 (Philadelphia, 1996)

B:  Alison Games, Migration and the Origins of the English Atlantic World (Cambridge, Mass., 1999)

C:  Sidney W. Mintz, Sweetness and Power:  The Place of Sugar in Modern History (New York, 1985)

D:  Joseph E. Inikori, Africans and the Industrial Revolution in England:  A Study in International Trade and Economic Development (New York, 2002)

    For Further Reading:

Bernard Bailyn, Voyagers to the West:  A Passage in the Peopling of America on the Eve of the Revolution (New York, 1986)

David Birmingham, Trade and Empire in the Atlantic, 1400-1600 (London, 2000)

David Cressy, Coming Over:  Migration and Communication between England and New England in the Seventeenth Century (New York, 1987)

Philip D. Curtin, The Rise and Fall of the Plantation Complex: Essays in Atlantic History (Cambridge, 1992)

Denys Delâge, Bitter Feast:  Amerindians and Europeans in Northeastern North America, 1600-1664 (Vancouver, 1993)

Patrick Griffin, The People With No Name:  Ireland’s Ulster Scots, America’s Scots Irish, and the Creation of a British Atlantic World, 1689-1764 (Princeton, 2001)

John J. McCusker, Essays in the Economic History of the Atlantic World (London, 1997)

John J. McCusker and Russell R. Menard, The Economy of British North America, 1607-1789, 2d ed. (Chapel Hill, 1991)

John J. McCusker and Kenneth Morgan, eds., The Early Modern Atlantic Economy (New York, 2000)


March 9:  Wars of Independence

    Required Text:

Laurent Dubois, Avengers of the New World:  The Story of the Haitian Revolution (Cambridge, Mass., 2004)

    Shared Texts:

A:  Susan Dunn, Sister Revolutions:  French Lightning, American Light (New York, 2000)

B:  Eliga H. Gould, The Persistence of Empire:  British Political Culture in the Age of the American Revolution (Chapel Hill, 2000)

C:  Andrew Jackson O'Shaughnessy, An Empire Divided:  The American Revolution and the British Caribbean (Philadelphia, 2000)

D:  Jaime E. Rodriguez O.,  The Independence of Spanish America (Cambrdge University Press, 1998)

    For Further Reading:

Colin G. Calloway, The American Revolution in Indian Country:  Crisis and Diversity in Native American Communities (New York, 1995)

Laurent Dubois, A Colony of Citizens:  Revolution and Slave Emancipation in the French Caribbean, 1787-1804 (Chapel Hill, 2004)

David P. Geggus, ed., The Impact of the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic World (Columbia, S.C., 2001)

Eliga H. Gould and Peter S. Onuf, eds., Empire and Nation:  The American Revolution in the Atlantic World (Baltimore, 2005)

C.L.R. James, The Black Jacobins:  Toussaint L’Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution, 2d ed. (New York, 1963)

Lester D. Langley, The Americas in the Age of Revolution 1750-1850 (New Haven, 1996)

Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker, The Many-Headed Hydra:  Sailors, Slaves, Commoners, and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic (Boston, 2000)

R. R. Palmer, The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760-1800, vol. 1, The Challenge (Princeton, 1959)

John K. Thornton, "'I Am the Subject of the King of Congo':  African Political Ideology and the Haitian Revolution," Journal of World History 4 (1993): 181-214


March 23:  Britain and the Caribbean, Metropole and Empire (Prof. Patrick McDevitt, guest faculty)

     Required Text:

Catherine Hall, Civilising Subjects: Metropole and Colony in the English Imagination, 1830-1867 (Chicago, 2002)

     Shared Texts:

A:  Simon Gikandi, Maps of Englishness: Writing Identity in the Culture of Colonialism (New York, 1996)

B:  Paul Gilroy, "There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack": The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation (London, 1987)

C:  Laura Tabili, "We Ask for British Justice":  Black Workers and the Construction of Racial Difference in Late Imperial Britain (Ithaca, 1994)

D:  Chris Waters, "'Dark Strangers in our Midst': The Discourse of Race Relations," Journal of British Studies 36 (April 1997): 207-38; and Wendy Webster, Imagining Home: Gender, "Race," and National Identity, 1945-1964 (London, 1998)


March 30:  Abolition

    Required Text:

Christopher Schmidt-Nowara, Empire and Antislavery: Spain, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, 1833-1874 (Pittsburgh, 1999)

    Shared Texts:

A:  Robin Blackburn, The Overthrow of Colonial Slavery, 1776-1848 (London, 1988)

B:  David Brion Davis, The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770-1823 (Ithaca, 1975)

C:  Seymour Drescher, Capitalism and Antislavery:  British Mobilization in Comparative Perspective (London, 1986)

D:  Eric Williams, Capitalism and Slavery (Chapel Hill, 1944)

    For Further Reading:

Leslie Bethell, The Abolition of the Brazilian Slave Trade (Cambridge, 1970)

David Brion Davis, The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture, 2d ed. (Oxford, 1988)

David Eltis, Economic Growth and the Ending of the Transatlantic Slave Trade (New York, 1987)

David Murray, Odious Commerce:  Britain, Spain, and the Abolition of the Cuban Slave Trade (Cambridge, 1980)

Richard S. Newman, The Transformation of American Abolitionism:  Fighting Slavery in the Early Republic (Chapel Hill, 2002)

Howard Temperley, British Antislavery, 1833-1870 (London, 1972)


April 6:  Comparative Post-Emancipation

    Required Texts:

Frederick Cooper, Thomas C. Holt, and Rebecca J. Scott, Beyond Slavery:  Explorations of Race, Labor, and Citizenship in Postemancipation Societies (Chapel Hill, 2000)

Leslie A. Schwalm, "'In Their Own Way':  Women and Work in the Postbellum South," in A Hard Fight for We:  Women's Transition from Slavery to Freedom in South Carolina (Urbana, 1997), 187-233

    Shared Texts:

A:  Eric Foner, Nothing But Freedom:  Emancipation and Its Legacy (Baton Rouge, 1983)

B:  Thomas C. Holt, The Problem of Freedom:  Race,  Labor, and Politics in Jamaica and Britain, 1832-1938 (Baltimore, 1992)

C:  Rebecca J. Scott, The Abolition of Slavery and the Aftermath of Emancipation in Brazil (Durham, N.C., 1988)

D:  Rebecca J. Scott, Slave Emancipation in Cuba:  The Transition to Free Labor, 1860-1899 (Princeton, 1985)

    For Further Reading:

Kathleen Mary Butler, The Economics of Emancipation:  Jamaica and Barbados, 1823-1843 (Chapel Hill, 1995)

Kim D. Butler, Freedoms Given, Freedoms Won:  Afro-Brazilians in Post-Abolition Sao Paulo and Salvador (New Brunswick, N.J., 1998)

Barbara Jeanne Fields, Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground:  Maryland during the Nineteenth Century (New Haven, 1985)

Eric Foner, A Short History of Reconstruction, 1863-1877 (New York, 1990)

W.A. Green, British Slave Emancipation:  The Sugar Colonies and the Great Experiment, 1830-1865 (Oxford, 1976)

Leon F. Litwack, Been in the Storm So Long:  The Aftermath of Slavery (New York, 1979)

Julie Saville, The Work of Reconstruction:  From Slave to Wage Laborer in South Carolina, 1860-1870 (New York, 1994)

Amy Dru Stanley, From Bondage to Contract:  Wage Labor, Marriage, and the Market in the Age of Slave Emancipation (New York, 1998)


April 13: Transatlantic Transfer in the 19th and 20th Centuries (Prof. Dorothee Brantz, guest faculty)

    Required Text:

Daniel R. Rodgers, Atlantic Crossings. Social Politics in a Progressive Age (Cambridge, Mass., 1998), read all, but focus on the prologue and chs. 2, 3, and 9

    Shared Texts:

A:  Arnold Lewis, An Early Encounter with Tomorrow:  Europeans, Chicago's Loop, and the World's Columbian Exposition (Urbana, 1997)

B:  Jacques Portes, Fascination and Misgivings:  The United States in French Opinion, 1870-1914 (New York, 2000)

C:  William W. Stowe, Going Abroad: European Travel in Nineteenth-Century American Culture (Princeton, 1994)

D:  Frank Trommler and Elliott Shore, eds., The German-American Encounter:  Conflict and Cooperation between Two Cultures, 1800-2000 (New York, 2001)

    For Further Reading:

Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984)

Stefan Kühl, The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism (New York, 1994)

Charles S. Maier, "Between Taylorism and Technocracy: European Ideologies and the Vision of Industrial Productivity in the 1920s," Journal of Contemporary History 2 (1970): 27-61

Kiran Klaus Patel, "The Power of Perception: The Impact of Nazi Social Policy on the New Deal," in Americanization, Globalization, Education, ed. Gerhard Bach, Sabine Bröck-Sallah, and Ulf Schulenberg (Heidelberg, 2003), 97-112

Anthony Sutcliffe, Towards the Planned City: Germany, Britain, the United States, and France, 1780-1914 (New York, 1981)


April 20:  No class—work on final papers


April 27:  America and Europe in the 20th Century (Prof. Andreas Daum, guest faculty)

    Required Texts: 

Victoria de Grazia, Irresistible Empire: America’s Advance Through Twentieth-Century Europe (Cambridge, Mass., 2005)

“Introduction: Americanization Reconsidered,” in Transactions, Transgressions, Transformations:  American Culture in Western Europe and Japan,  ed. Heide Fehrenbach and Uta G. Poiger (New York, 2000),  xiii-xl

    Shared Texts: 

A:  Volker R. Berghahn, America and the Intellectual Cold Wars in Europe: Shepard Stone between Philanthropy, Academy, and Diplomacy (Princeton, 2001)

B:  Richard F. Kuisel, Seducing the French: The Dilemma of Americanization (Berkeley, 1993)

C:  Uta Poiger, Jazz, Rock, and Rebels: Cold War Politics and American Culture in a Divided Germany (Berkeley, 2000)

D:  Thomas Risse-Kappen, Cooperation among Democracies: The European Influence on U.S. Foreign Policy (Princeton, 1995)

    For Further Reading:

Philipp Gassert, “Atlantic Alliances: Cross-Cultural Communication and the 1960s Student Revolution,” in Culture and International History, ed. Jessica C.E. Gienow-Hecht and Frank Schumacher (New York, 2003), 135-56

Petra Goedde, GIs and Germans: Culture, Gender and Foreign Relations, 1945-1949 (New Haven, 2003)
Ian C. Jarvie, Hollywood’s Overseas Campaign: The North Atlantic Movie Trade, 1920-1950 (New York, 1992)

Geir Lundestad, ‘Empire’ by Integration: The United States and European Integration, 1956-1997 (Oxford, 1998)

Mary Nolan, Visions of Modernity: American Business and the Modernization of Germany (New York, 1994)

Richard Pells, Not Like Us: How Europeans Have Loved, Hated, and Transformed American Culture Since World War II (New York, 1997)

Reinhold Wagnleitner, Coca-Colonization and the Cold War: The Cultural Mission of the United States in Austria after the Second World War (Chapel Hill, 1994)